Walnut cultivation is a long-term investment with great potential. However, regular and proper pruning from sapling to mature tree is crucial to ensuring healthy growth, high productivity, and durability.

Initial Pruning After Planting

Pruning immediately after planting is one of the most critical steps to shape the tree for future growth. After planting, the top of the sapling should be cut, reducing its height to 80-100 cm. This encourages branching and supports the development of a strong main trunk.

Shaping Pruning in the Early Years

Shaping pruning in the first 3-4 years ensures that the tree develops a proper crown structure. During this process:

• 3-5 strong branches should be retained as the main framework of the tree.
• Branches should be evenly distributed around the trunk.
• Weak, diseased, or crossing branches should be removed.

Another important aspect of shaping pruning is maintaining wide branch angles. Wider angles help branches better support fruit weight and reduce the risk of breakage.

Pruning During the Fruit-Bearing Phase

Walnut trees typically start bearing fruit in their 4th or 5th year. Pruning during this phase helps increase yield and keep the tree healthy. Key considerations include:

• Dead, broken, or diseased branches must be removed.
• Branches intended for fruit production should be retained, and unnecessary shoots should be cleared.
• Proper air circulation should be ensured by thinning out crowded branches.

Pruning Mature Trees

Pruning mature walnut trees focuses on maintenance and enhancing productivity. During this stage, ensure the following:

• Non-fruit-bearing and shading branches should be removed to redirect the tree's energy to productive branches.
• Over-pruning should be avoided to maintain the tree's natural balance.
• Diseased areas should be cleaned immediately, and cutting points should be properly sealed.

It is essential to use sterilized tools during pruning to protect the tree from infections.

Common Mistakes in Pruning

Pruning mistakes can negatively affect the tree's health and yield. Common errors include:

• Removing too many branches.
• Improper cuts leading to tears and damage.
• Failing to remove diseased branches in time.

By avoiding these mistakes, you can ensure the long-term health and productivity of your walnut trees.

In conclusion, regular pruning is vital for maximizing the yield and health of walnut trees. By following this guide, you can unlock the full potential of your walnut orchard. Remember, proper pruning is the key to a productive walnut orchard.